Originally posted by: dra600n
What's the risk like low cost index funds?
Theoretically, index funds are going to track whatever index they are designed to track.
The difference in how well they track, at a minimum, is going to come from their expense-ratio -- hence why you want "low cost" index funds (i.e. you minimize how much you pay in fees to hold the fund -- and those "fees" cover all trading that happens inside the fund)
The reality is a little different, in that index funds can be overweight in specific stocks versus literally owning the entire broad market.
(i.e. a lot of bank of america as a proxy for the entire banking sector, rather than owning some complete blend of all banking stocks)
So to mitigate that, you want to look at the ETF or mutual funds reports and see what their "top 10 holdings" are.
That shows you what they actually own potentially "too much of", and you can decide if you're comfortable with it, or not.
But if you pick an asset allocation that is "reasonable" for your age (i.e. 80/20 stocks/bonds, or even 90/10 with a long time horizon), if you are taking the VERY long-term view on the money, the bulk of the "risk" is that you freak out during a market event and sell when you should have just stayed in over the long term that you were investing for.
Assuming you believe that the market will tend to grow, longterm, at a pace that exceeds inflation.
(the old addage of "time in the market is better than timing the market")
I'm sure there could be very-hard-to-analyze risks as to whether a fund is genuinely holding what it claims it is holding.
But these are pretty heavily regulated financial instruments so that isn't very high on my list of concerns.